Choline supplementation is thought to improve which hepatic condition?

• A. Hepatic steatosis
• B. Muscle strength
• C. Bone density
• D. Kidney function

Answer: (A)

Choline helps the liver export fat by enabling phosphatidylcholine synthesis, which is needed to form VLDL particles that carry triglycerides out of the liver. When choline is deficient, triglycerides accumulate in hepatocytes, leading to hepatic steatosis (fatty liver). Supplemental choline supports this export process, reducing fat buildup and improving hepatic steatosis. The other options—muscle strength, bone density, and kidney function—are not directly tied to the liver’s fat export mechanism, so they are not the hepatic condition addressed by choline supplementation.