What GI symptom may result from fluid restriction, physical inactivity and narcotic usage?

• A. Constipation
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Vomiting
• D. Bleeding

Answer: (A)

Constipation is most likely because hydration, movement, and opioid effects all influence how the bowel moves and how much water stays in stool. Fluid restriction reduces stool water, making it drier and harder. Physical inactivity slows intestinal contractions, lengthening transit time. Narcotics bind to receptors in the GI tract and suppress propulsion, increasing water absorption and hardening stools. Together, these factors create the classic picture of constipation. Diarrhea would require faster transit or malabsorption, vomiting points to upper GI irritation or delayed gastric emptying, and bleeding indicates mucosal injury or a vascular issue—none are directly caused by these combined factors.