What is the hallmark energy expenditure pattern during the ebb phase?

• A. Decreased energy expenditure
• B. Increased energy expenditure
• C. Stable energy expenditure
• D. Fluctuating energy expenditure

Answer: (A)

The ebb phase is a transient hypometabolic period after trauma or major stress in which energy expenditure decreases. Immediately after injury, the body conserves energy, tissue perfusion may be limited, and overall metabolic rate drops below baseline. This results in a lower resting energy expenditure during the ebb phase, which typically lasts the first day or so before the metabolic response shifts to the later, hypermetabolic flow phase. Understanding this pattern helps guide nutrition: energy needs are lower in the ebb phase and increase as the flow phase begins.