Which minerals are commonly included in fortification to support bone mineralization in premature infants?

• A. Calcium and Phosphorus
• B. Sodium and Potassium
• C. Iron and Zinc
• D. Magnesium and Copper

Answer: (A)

Bone mineralization relies on calcium and phosphorus because they form the hydroxyapatite crystals that make bone strong. Premature infants miss a lot of mineral accretion that would occur in the last trimester, so fortifying feeds with these minerals helps meet the high demands and supports proper bone development. A balanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is important to ensure minerals are deposited correctly; fortification aims to provide both in appropriate amounts. Other minerals like sodium and potassium are mainly electrolytes, iron and zinc support blood and growth, and magnesium and copper have various roles too, but they are not the primary targets for boosting bone mineralization in preterm infants.