Which of the following is NOT listed as a contamination point when using human milk for enteral feeding?

• A. Heating milk prior to administration
• B. Milk expression
• C. Milk storage
• D. Preparation and mixing of ingredients

Answer: (A)

Contamination risk with human milk for enteral feeding comes from handling steps where bacteria can be introduced or allowed to grow: milk expression, milk storage, and preparation or mixing of ingredients. Heating prior to administration is a safety measure used to reduce or inactivate pathogens, not a point where contamination typically occurs. Proper hygiene during expression, prompt and appropriate refrigeration or freezing, and aseptic technique during preparation are the steps where contamination is more likely if not done correctly. So heating prior to administration is not considered a contamination point.