Which of the following is an expected physiological change over time in older adults?

• A. Increased total body water
• B. Increased lean body mass
• C. Decreased bone mineral mass
• D. Increased visceral fat

Answer: (C)

Bone density declines with age because bone remodeling shifts toward resorption more than formation, especially after peak bone mass is reached. This results in decreased bone mineral mass and higher fracture risk in older adults, making it a typical physiological change over time. While total body water and lean mass often decrease with aging and visceral fat can increase, the most characteristic change among these options is the decrease in bone mineral mass.