Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ebb response?

• A. Increased energy expenditure
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Loss of plasma volume
• D. Depressed energy expenditure

Answer: (A)

The ebb response is the initial, hypometabolic phase after acute stress where the body conserves energy and circulation is redirected to vital organs. Because of this, energy needs drop rather than rise, so energy expenditure is decreased. Loss of plasma volume occurs early due to fluid shifts and hemorrhage, reflecting the hemodynamic instability of this phase. Depressed energy expenditure is a hallmark of ebb. Hyperglycemia is more characteristic of the subsequent flow phase, when stress hormones drive gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance. Therefore increased energy expenditure is not a feature of the ebb response.